1. 比较分三种: 一原级；二比较级；三最高级；

　　2. 比较级和最高级的构成：

　　(1) 规则变化:

　　(A) 单音节和双音节字在字尾加-er和-est。

　　原级 比较级 最高级

　　small smaller smallest

　　wise wiser wisest

　　dry drier driest

　　hot hotter hottest

　　后三组注意加-er和-est的变化。

　　(A) 三音节以上的字和部分两音节以上的字, 在原级前面加more和most。

　　原级 比较级 最高级

　　useful more useful most useful

　　diligent more diligent most diligent

　　(2) 不规则变化:

　　good(好的)和well(健康的)的比较级都是better; 最高级都是best;

　　bad(坏的)和ill(生病的)的比较级都是worse; 最高级都是worst;

　　many(很多的)和much(作形容词是大量的; 作副词是非常地)比较级都是more; 最高级都是most;

　　little(作形容词是小的; 作副词是一点地)有两个比较级是little, smaller less; 两最高级是littlest, smallest least;

　　far(作副词是远地)的两个比较级是farther(更远, 表距离), further(更进步, 表程度); 两个最高级是farthest, furthest;

　　old的两个比较级是older(表年龄或新旧), elder(表长幼顺序); 两个最高级是oldest, eldest;

　　late的两个比较级是later(表时间), latter(表顺序); 两个最高级是latest(最近的), last(最后的);

　　3. 比较的方式:

　　(1) 相等比较: ...as + 原级 + as... 和 ...as + 原级 + 名词 + as...;

　　William is as poor as John. ( = William's poverty is equal to John's.)

　　She has as much money as I (have).

　　(2) 劣等比较: ...less + 原级 + than...( = not so or as + 原级 + as...;)

　　She is less careful than her. = She is not so (or as) careful as her.

　　(3) 优等比较: ...比较级 + than... 和 ...the + 比较级 + of the two;

　　He is more careful than her.

　　Jim is the more stupid of the two boys.

　　4. 最高级的表达方式:

　　(1) 优等比较: (最…)

　　...the + 最高级( + 单数名词或one) + of (or among) + 人或物(复数)

　　...the + 最高级( + 单数名词或one) + in + 场所(单数)

　　A giraffe is the tallest of (or among) all animals.

　　A giraffe is the tallest in the animal kingdom.

　　(2) 劣等比较: (最不…)

　　...the + least + 原级( + 单数名词或one) + of (or among) + 人或物(复数)

　　...the + least + 原级( + 单数名词或one) + in + 场合(单数)

　　Grammar is the least interesting of (or among) all the subjects.

　　Jack is the least diligent boy in his class.

　　(3) 其他表示最高级的方式:

　　(A) 用原级表示最高级。

　　He is as happy as he can be. = He is happiest.

　　(B) "比较级 + than any other + 单数名词"表示最高级。

　　This is more difficult than any other book here.

　　= This is the most difficult of all the books here.

　　(C) 否定的比较级表示最高级。

　　Nothing can be simpler than this. = This is the simplest thing of all.

　　(D) 叙述用法的最高级形容词。

　　Summer is hottest in July. She was happiest when she was young.

　　1. 不用than的比较:

　　(1) than的省略:

　　Never before did he work harder (than now).

　　(2) 作限定用法的形容词, 常接代名词one.

　　I want a better job.

　　Bring me a smaller one.

　　(3) 作叙述用法的形容词.

　　He is better now.

　　It is warmer this morning.

　　(4) 接if子句的比较级.

　　You will understand it easier if you consult the dictionary.

　　(5) 只作限定用法的形容词比较级, 如: inner, outer, upper, former, latter, utter, elder, etc.

　　The plan was an utter failure.

　　My brother will come back from America in the latter part of the year.

　　(6) 比较级 + and + 比较级"越来...越"

　　He became more and more eloquent towards the end of his speech.

　　(7) 由拉丁文而来的比较级(接to不接than).

　　He is junior to me. (to之后接受格)和 He is younger than I. (than之后接主格)

　　其它的例子如下:

　　senior(= older)和junior(= younger); superior(= better)和inferior(= worse); major(= more)和minor(= less); prior(= before)和prefer(= like better);

　　(1) prefer + (动)名词 + to + (动)名词= prefer to + 原形… rather than + 原形

　　I prefer reading to talking. = I prefer to read rather than talk.

　　(2) The + 比较级…, the + 比较级… "越…, 越…"

　　The more I read, the more intensely interested I became.

　　The more he has, the more he wants.

　　第一个the是关系副词, 引导副词子句, 修饰第二个the(指示副词).(红色修饰黑色)

　　The happier a human being is, the longer he lives.

　　在句意明确时, 常以省略句的形式出现.

　　The sooner (you do it), the better (it will be).